Category Archives: CR equations

Curl, curl and more curl.

September 29, 20163D complex numbers, CR equations, Exponential circle, Matrix representationReinkoVenema

This post contains seven examples of the differential operator named curl. The motivation for this update lies in the fact that after my humble opinion inside the set of equations known as the Maxwell equations there is a tiny fault: Rather likely electrons carry at least a net magnetic charge.
And because they carry net magnetic charge they not only accelerated by electrical fields but also magnetic field.

If you have an old television set with one of those fancy tubes that contain one electron cannon for a black & white television and three electron cannons for a color television. With the help of a stack of these strong neodymium magnets it is easy to give experimental proof that the electrons indeed get accelerated… Why in the course of over one hundred years not one of the professional physics professors has done this is unknown to me; may be it is the separation of ‘theoretical professors’ versus ‘experimental ones’ a reason for this omission. May be it is the use of dogma (unproven things that live inside a belief system, in this case the belief system that magnetic monopoles do not exist).

__________

Anyway the Maxwell equations contain a lot of the curl operator, that is not needed per sé but it makes the formulae look sleek and short. Originally Maxwell had a set of like 20 equations or so while at present day only four remain. But if you see those four equations for the first time it is very impressive, only over time you get used to it.

This post is 13 pictures long, size 550 x 775 pixels.
I start with examples that are as simple as possible and very slowly bring in a bit more abstraction.
Therefore I hope it is very readable, have fun with it!

As far as I can remember, in the first year I opened these investigations into higher dimensional number systems again I calculated the curl for the complex multiplication in 3D space. In this post we only looked at the circular version of stuff.

But I can´t find it back so I cannot place a hyperlink to it.

Anyway, here is a nice wiki with the curl expressed as an integral (often much harder to calculate but nice to observe it can also be done that way):

Curl (mathematics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(mathematics)

And because this post was motivated by all that curl in the Maxwell equations, I tried to find back when I originally started writing about electrons having magnetic charge instead of being magnetic dipoles like they are tiny bar magnets. It was 29 April that inside the math pages I found the first update on that. Here it is:

From 29 April 2014 : Do electrons have spin?
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/3d_complex_stuff02.htm#29April2014

Ok, that was it. Till updates my dear reader.

Teaser picture for a new update on differential equations.

September 3, 20163D complex numbers, CR equationsReinkoVenema

I am going to make this update on the other website so in about one week you can check it out on page 4 of the 3D complex numbers. I admit I have been lazy the last month but now I have stopped smoking over three years my health is still improving so I am more exploring the environment with my bike while I can do that again…

Ha! At my worst about four years back I could only walk 100 to 125 steps and after that I needed to pause 3 to 4 minutes because I got camps in one of my legs. So it finally dawned on me I had to stop this nicotine addiction because the next phase would be a wheelchair combined with an oxygen mask and a tank of high pressured liquid oxygen on the back of my wheelchair.

Looking back I am glad I got so ill because without it I would never have managed to stop smoking those ridiculous amounts of cigarettes day in day out.

Sorry to bother you with my past health problems, this new teaser picture is rather funny and I hope also intriguing: I have crafted three coordinate functions x(t), y(t) and z(t) and if you differentiate them with respect to the time t you get a 3D square of the vector (x(t), y(t), z(t)).

So check it out for yourself; take the derivative of the three coordinate functions and see if you can get the three equations as on the bottom of the teaser picture…

The new update (on the other website) is ten pages long meaning it is 10 pictures of size 550 x 1100. Click on the teaser picture to land on the new update:

For me it is just so cute: If you differentiate to time you get the square of the position you are in the 3D complex number system.

For use in the science of physics I do not think it is that important because real physical problems never rely on the coordinate system you use, but you never know…
For use in the science of math it is also not important because professional math professors still have not developed the cognitive capabilities of understanding 3D complex numbers.

I also made a teaser picture for use on the other website, it is the same solution to the simple differential equation as above but this time I solved it inside the complex plane. Of course I could not use that on this website as the first teaser picture given the face we more or less always try to focus on the 3D complex & circular number systems…

Ok, end of this post.
And life, as usual life will go on.

Till updates.

Wirtinger derivatives and the factorization of the Laplacian.

August 5, 20163D complex numbers, CR equations, Laplacian, Quantum mechanicsReinkoVenema

This post could have many titles, for example ‘Factorization of the Laplacian using second order Cauchy-Riemann equations’ would also cover what we will read in the next seven pictures.

The calculation as shown below is, as far as I am concerned, definitely in the top ten of results relating to all things 3D complex numbers. Only when I stumbled on this a few years back I finally understood the importance of the so called sphere-cone equation.

The calculation below is basically what you do when writing out the sphere-cone equation only now it is not with variables like x, y and z but with the partial differential operators with respect to x, y and z. In simplifying the expressions we get I use so called second order Cauchy-Riemann equations, if you understand the standard CR equations these second order equations are relatively easy to digest.

Have fun reading it.

This post is also categorized under Quantum Mechanics, the reason for that is that the wave equation contains the Laplacian operator and the more you know about that rather abstract thing the better it is in my view.

I would like to close with a link to a wiki on Wirtinger derivatives, originally they come from theory with several complex variables. That explains why in the wiki the Wirtinger derivatives are written as partial derivatives while above we can use the straight d´s for our differential of f.

Here is the wiki: Wirtinger derivatives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirtinger_derivatives

Till updates.

Calculating the Laplacian using the Cauchy-Riemann equations.

January 30, 20163D complex numbers, CR equations, LaplacianReinkoVenema

Without doubt the Laplacian is a very important differential operator. It plays a major role in for example the classical wave equation and also the Schrödinger wave equation from quantum mechanics.

Now scroll a bit back until you find the post on the Cauchy-Riemann equations, at the end I used the phrase ‘Cauchy-Riemann equations chain rule style’ and this is how we can crack in a very easy way how the Laplacian operates on functions that obey the CR equations on 3D complex numbers.

I have hundreds and hundreds of pages of math stuff on the 3D complex number system and very often I use the number alpha. This number alpha is so important, not only in 3D, that it is worth to post a few posts on them.

For the time being, I just conducted a simple Google search on the phrase ‘3d complex numbers’ in the search detail for pictures. And every time this old teaser picture from the other website pops up:

At the end you see that (1, -1, 1), well that is three times alpha.

It is a nice exercise to prove that the square of alpha equals alpha.
So alpha is in the same category as for example numbers like 0 and 1 because if you square those you also get the original number back in return.

After all one squared equals one and zero squared equals zero.

End of this update, till updates.

And now we are with three…

January 19, 20163D complex numbers, CR equations, Exponential circleReinkoVenema

In Oct 1990 (estimated) I found the 3D complex numbers, a few years back I discovered that a guy named Dennis Morris has found them too. Dennis even wrote a book about it, this book was published twice and I was able to get a hand on the second publication.

For normal humans the book from Dennis is a good starter, for me it has the depth of a bird bath.

We do not complain, today on the preprint archive I found the next pdf file:

On a novel 3D hypercomplex number system
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.01459v1.pdf

And this work has not the depth of a bird bath, it is much more the depth of a human bathtub.
There ar some dumb typo’s, for example table 1 contains a very stupid error so that has to be corrected.

The writer of the preprint article goes under the name of Shlomo Jacobi and since his residence was Israel we might jump to the conclusion he was a Jew. Let religion be no problem because after all the Muslims were once far ahead of the Western powers but because one of their religious leaders declared math as being from the devil, Muslims find themselves at the receiving end of military powers for about one thousand years…

Now back to our Jewish pdf file: Table 1 should be corrected and I, Reinko Venema, I give them a big applause because if you scroll down to page 39 you observe they have found the 3D exponential circle too!

Well I have found all exponential curves in all possible dimensions, so I am very pleased to invite the Jewish mathematical community upon further investigations into this math detail.

End of this update, till updates.

Cauchy-Riemann equations for the complex plane and for 3D complex numbers.

December 12, 20153D complex numbers, CR equations, Matrix representationReinkoVenema

In itself the name of ‘Cauchy-Riemann equations’ is a terrible way of naming these equations because it says nothing about why they are important.

It would be better to name the stuff involved like ‘Chain rule equations for partial derivatives’ because if that would be the case you would understand why these equations are worth your precious time anyway…

This update is 8 pictures of size 550 by 550 pixels or about 5 pages of A4 size if crafted in the A4 size format.
Now why are CR equations important?
Very simple: You can find the derivative of a function just like on the real number system or in the complex plane. That is why CR equations are the basic food for understanding higher dimensional complex number systems…

Enough of the bla bla, here are the 8 pictures: