Category Archives: Magnetism

How permanent magnets work, the official version against what I think of it.

When you for the first time encounter magnets (when you were a child or so) it is clear they are magical things. When you as a reader are still young and later in life you get kids too, always make sure there are a few magnets in their collection of toys. (And also ensure there is enough simple plain version of Lego, later in file this is good for their geometrical insights.)

Let me first summarize how permanent magnets are made:

  1. Pieces of metal are heated until they get above the so called Curie temperature.
  2. The pieces of metal are fixated in place and a strong magnetic field is applied, very slowly the pieces of metal are cooled down.
  3. Hammering the metal while it cools down seems to help a lot.
  4. When cooled down the magnets are ready to use but they often get a sanding and a paint job to make them look nice and add a layer that prevents rust.

What is the Curie temperature?
Answer: That is the temperature when you heat a permanent magnet above that temperature it will loosed all of it’s (permanent) magnetism.

The existence of such a Curie temperature is also in favor of my version of how permanent magnets work but let me build it up slow and steadily and not bring you into confusion.

Now the professional professors know that it are the unpaired electrons that are the root cause of permanent magnetism. Here is a picture of how those professionals think it is, all magnetic metals have so called domains inside their crystalline structure and this is more or less schematic how it is supposed to work:

04jan2017_official_explanationIn the upper part of the picture you see that even after a full century a lot of people still think the electrons are actually spinning, but why should electrons spin frantically with a precise speed anyway? Also in the above picture you see the habit of using vectors to represent magnetic dipole moment, that is ok only not on the level of individual electrons.

It is good that professional physics people pointed out the unpaired electrons, but they still think that those electrons themselves are magnetic dipoles. Here they have a giant problem they never talk about: if an unpaired electron is a magnetic dipole, it is obvious that an electron pair is also a magnetic dipole. But why do electron pairs never contribute to macroscopic magnetism?

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Ok, now we use my version of reality and in my version of reality electrons always carry a negative electric charge and each electron carries also one of the two magnetic charges there are: north charge or south charge.

This explains electron pair formation in the first place but this post is not about electron pair formation instead we try to understand all those metals that can have permanent magnetism.

What all those metals that can be permanently magnetized have in common is very easy to understand: They have lots of unpaired electrons below the outer electron shells.

The best picture I could find was this (the electron pair in the most outward shell is not realistic of course, thar violates the so called ‘Aufbou prinzip’ but it was the best picture I could find):

03jan2017_iron_electron_shell_configurationYou see the unpaired electrons inside the iron atom.

Now you understand why there is such a thing as Curie temperature; if heated enough the unpaired electrons will be removed from the iron atom.

And if electrons carry magnetic charge, you understand as when making permanent magnets while cooling them slowly down inside a strong applied outside magnetic field ensures the electrons will land there where it like to be.

And this, my dear reader, is an explanation of how permanent magnets work without the need for electrons that are glued into place. Electrons like to move around in their orbitals so once more if they were magnetic dipoles they could not hold on to a permanent state of magnetism…

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And so on and so on, my easy to understand insight the magnetism of the electron is much better compared to one century of physics professors.

Let’s leave it with that, thanks for your attention.

More on electrons, the discovery of electron spin and how permanent magnets work.

Back in the year 1921, almost one hundred years ago, Herr Stern and Herr Gerlach conducted a very intriguing experiment. They heated up silver until it was a gas and they did send the beam of silver ions through an inhomogeneous magnetic field.
They observed the beam splitting into two streams of silver ions, they thought they had found ‘spatial quantization’…

Here is a picture of a schematic set up of the Stern Gerlach expeirment:

03jan2017_exp-stern-gerlach-1The upper side of the magnetic field is stronger compared to the strength of the bottom field, Stern and Gerlach expected the beam to split in the direction of the gradient of the magnetic field.

At present day we know that a beam of electrons also gets split, when three years ago I did read the results from this experiment I was buffled, baffled and bewildered: it was ok by me that a part of the beam went up towards the strongest parts of the magnetic field.

But why was a part of the beam attracted to the weaker parts of the magnetic field?????
This makes no sense, after all in those years I nicely believed electrons were magnetic dipoles because everybody said so. Let me demonstrate in a gedanken experiment why this behavior of the electrons is very strange if electrons are magnetic dipoles:

Begin Gedanken Experiment:

Let an electron cannon send a beam of electrons into an inhomogeneous magnetic field, if electrons are indeed magnetic dipoles in that case you can view them as little vectors. These vectors can point anywhere, together all vectors from a sphere.

Only one of the vectors of that sphere is in perfect anti-alignment with the magnetic field. If we think of the vectors as pointing from the south to the north pole, only the vector that points perfectly south will have perfect anti-alignment.

All vectors that are not perfectly aligned will be pulled into alignment, so if electrons are magnetic dipoles it is expected that almost all electrons will go to the strongest part of the magnetic field.

End Gedanken Experiment.

Yet in practice about 50% of the electrons go up and the other 50% go down…

And I was just puzzled so much; how can the weaker parts of the magnetic field attract magnetic dipoles??? After one or two days I ran the experiment again in my head but at some point I don’t know why I thought ‘Let’s try a magnetic monopole’.

To my amazement a magnetic monopole did give the results as we know them from the Stern Gerlach experiment. And I just thought by myself ‘Hey hey Reinko, not so fast because electrons are not magnetic monopoles but magnetic dipoles. It is even in the Maxwell equations Reinko so think before you speak’.

But a day later I was walking around in the local park thinking about chemical bonds; if electrons were magnetic monopoles that would also explain why we only have electron pairs in chemistry.

Anyway now after three years I have about 40 reasons as why electrons cannot be magnetic dipoles but on the universities where about 100 thousand ‘professional’ physics professors are deployed there is zero reaction to my insights.
On the contrary; they avoid talking about me like I am having the pest…

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Back to the year 1927 at the Solvay Conference people like Niels Bohr and Wolfgang Pauli argued that for free electrons it would make no sense to do some kind of Stern Gerlach experiment.
Here is a screen shot of a video I will link below to:

03jan2017_stern_gerlach_for_free_electronsSo five years after the experiment and four years after publication all those guys like the Einstein / Bohr / Pauli / Schrödinger / Dirac / Heisenberg / Bose complex, none of those men understood the basic nature of the electron:

An electron is a localization of electrical charge and one of the two magnetic charges.

As such there are two types of electrons: a magnetic monopole north and a south variant.
Also known as ‘spin up’ or ‘spin down’.

The next documentary is about one hour long, if you know nothing about electron spin it is a bit much to swallow in one time. But for me it was a true treasure trove, the guy that gives the talk is eighty years old and has given lectures in quantum physics for decades and decades:

The Stern-Gerlach Experiment And The Discovery Of Electron Spin – Sandip Pakvasa [2016]

Ok I see this post is getting a bit too long so a detailed explanation upon how permanent magnets work is skipped to some future date. In the meantime we have only scratched the surface when it comes to the ‘official version of electron spin’ versus my little set of 40 reasons as why electrons cannot be magnetic dipoles. You can find it in my page on magnetics:

A primer on the electrons that are the long sought magnetic monopoles.
Author: Reinko Venema.
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/monopole_magnetic_stuff.htm#27Oct2015

It is now 23.27 hours and I have more stuff to do in my life so till updates & how permanent magnets work will be dealt with in a new post. (By the way for me it is completely weird and strange that the professional physics people still do not understand permanent magnets. They think the electrons are glued in place…)

Don’t forget to roast the ‘professional’ physics professors with their crazy ideas about electrons.

See yah around.

Happy new year! + I hope you drank enough beer during the feast while I only post a picture showing math superiority before cracking down on physics professors in the next post…

Once more a happy new year! Luckily the number 2017 is a prime number but let us not talk on 2017-dimensional complex number systems but keep it simple:

In the next post I will explain to you how permanent magnets work in detail, you might think ‘wow man permanent magnets are studied for centuries and longer’ but my point is they had it wrong on important details.

But if you go to a high paid physics professor and you say ‘wow man your ideas upon permanents magnets are based upon electrons being the source of magnetic dipole behavior’, most of the time you get a cold shoulder.

These imbeciles, those professional physics professors they cannot even explain permanent magnets and they only do ‘bla bla bla the Gauss law of magnetism says that more bla bla is the only way forward’.

That kind of behavior is very interesting, why make nonsense to be your basic line of reasoning?

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I have nothing more to say; in the next post I will explain how permanent magnets work, how they get permanent magnetism and how they can loose it.

For the time being because I am well aware of how arrogant all these physics professors are, I simple post and infinite product that shows how my own brain handles the stuff that flows in:

03jan2017_math_superiority_exposed

By the way, I crafted the outcome of this limit to 1/2 because when we talk electrons in the next post they are known as spin half particles. Beside this it is estimated that all professional physics people will react strongly dismissive of the simple fact that electrons cannot be magnetic dipoles…

Come on, this is the year 2017 and there will be no mercy for the physics professors.
Let’s leave it with that.

 

Three new magnetics updates + Intro to a new post about calculation of the number tau.

On the other website I posted reason number 37, 38 and 39 about why it is impossible for electrons to be magnetic dipoles. Let me give you the links and short descriptions about their content.

05 Oct 2016: Reason 37: Old and new experiments upon the bonkers force.
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/monopole_magnetic_stuff.htm#05Oct2016

Once more the importance of repeatable experiments is stressed; my own simple experiments with that old color television is explained once more. Furthermore I am proposing a few other experiments that I cannot do here myself because, for example, they should be done is a space without magnetic or electrical fields.

The thing ‘bonkers force’ is acting along the magnetic field lines and makes electrons (and protons etc) accelerate. So it is perpendicular to the Lorentz force.

10 Oct 2016: Reason 38: The Hendrik Casimir effect and the vacuum catastrophe.
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/monopole_magnetic_stuff.htm#10Oct2016

The Nobel prize in physics went this year to three men who studied two dimensional structures of electrons. So with just 50 to 70 minutes of labor I managed to do the same and explain as why the experiment of Hendrik Casimir has a wrong experimental set up because there they use the idea that electrons are magnetic dipoles. En passant using this wrong set up of Hendrik Casimir I can explain the root cause of the so called ‘vacuum catastrophe’.
The theoretical value of the so called zero-point energy of one cubic centimeter of space should be 10 to the power 112 erg of energy, yet at present day the best value found is about 10 to the power -8.

That is off the mark by just a factor of 10 to the power 120…

14 Oct 2016: Reason 39: The acceleration of the solar wind.
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/monopole_magnetic_stuff.htm#14Oct2016

This is just one of the many things you cannot explain with electrons and protons being magnetic dipoles; despite gravity and or the influence of electrical fields the solar wind does not go down in speed. The professional physics professors cannot explain this nasty detail because they keep on holding on to the Gauss law for magnetism that says magnetic monopoles do not exist…

For the electron pair the Gauss law is valid but not for loose electrons.
As far as I know the winners of the Nobel prize from this year also believe electrons are magnetic dipoles so the Nobel committee has done a great disservice to the progress in physics.

So from the vacuum catastrophe to the properties of the solar wind: the professional physics professors will not find an explanation century in century out because you must not think that by writing down how stuff likely works they will change their ways.

But, ha ha ha my dear but incompetent and coward physics professors: My experiment with an old television can be repeated by any person and you, you fxckheads, cannot explain it…

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Ok, we proceed with math: The next post will be about how to find the number tau that you must use for crafting exponential circles and curves in dimensions above 3.

In order to focus the mind I would like to repeat a rather famous calculation from the complex plane: the calculation of the logarithm of the imaginary number i.
It is a beautiful calculation and it says that log i = i*pi/2.

Three teaser pictures to ram home to the brains of professional physics professors that I know plenty of complex numbers and that in my view using only 2D complex numbers simply shows what kind of brain matter you folks are made of:

16oct2016-famous-math-calculation01

16oct2016-famous-math-calculation02

16oct2016-famous-math-calculation03

At the closing of this small update I would like to remark that in the next post we are going to try and find logarithm values for imaginary numbers from 3D space.

And if in the future the Nobel committee would select Nobel prize winners that can actually think deeply and not all this shallow stuff, that would be great!

See you around my dear reader, till updates.

An important correction + Bad news from the Leiden university + updates on magnetism.

In the post on the factorization of the Laplacian from 5 August I made two rather stupid ‘cut and paste’ errors. But since this particular calculation is definitely inside my own list of top 10 magnificent calculations I decided to make the correction also a separate post.

That is only to show how important I rank this particular calculation; it should be posted flawless and not with stupid typo’s on stupid places…

Here is a picture showing the stupid ‘cut and paste’ typo’s and the corrected calculation as it should have been on 05 Aug of this year:

25sept2016-fault-plus-corrected-versionAs you see on inspection: Only the top line is wrong so in practice it is not a big deal.
But this particular calculation made me understand the importance of studying more and more of the sphere-cone equations so I want this to be tip top & as perfect as possible.

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Next thing:

Bad news from the Dutch university of Leiden.

For the pictures on my website I rely on that so called WIMS collection of packages. I first found it at some French university but later it was found out it was also stored in my home country at the university of Leiden.

Yesterday when I needed just one new picture I found out the university of Leiden has removed this collection of math packages. Why they have done this I do not know but in my life from experience I know that by definition all university people are full of shit.

Now at date 25 Sept 2016 I once more understand I was stupid to rely on a service done by university people; in the end they will always fuck you in the ass. How could I have been as stupid as to be dependent for my graphics to depend on university people?????

Of course the university of Leiden offers me an alternative route: Go back to France where the whole thing is still online. Now just look at these perfect images as they come back from France (this is the equation for the top picture on this website on 3D complex numbers:

25sept2016-university-people-are-full-of-shitOnce more we observe: If it works at an university it is just so full of shit that you cannot measure the amount of shit in that particular person before or after a toilet visit… Back in the year 1992 I decided that a professional academic career was not my path of life, now 24 years later this is once more validated. Better avoid all contacts with weirdo’s like that…

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Updates on magnetism:

Over on the other website I posted two more reasons as why electrons simply have to carry a net magnetic charge.

Reason number 34 is about two more or less famous physics professors telling acute nonsense when it comes to electron stuff. You can find it in the next link:

13 Sept 2016: Reason 34: Two famous physics professors telling nonsense.
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/monopole_magnetic_stuff.htm#13Sept2016

Reason number 35 is about explosive discharges in the field of nuclear plasma physics; professional plasma professors just do not understand their own line of work. Any idiot can find out that electrons are accelerated by magnetic fields but since all people working at universities are full of shit they are blind for the obvious facts of life.

New reasons for electrons carrying magnetic charge are in the making, here is a picture I will use in explaining the so called ‘bonkers force’:

25sept2016-the-bonkers-forceThe bonkers force is perpendicular to the Lorentz force.

You might wonder why this is named a ‘bonkers force’?

The answer is simple: It will make professional physics professors go bonkers.
And that my dear reader is a good thing, till the next post on the curl of vector fields.

More proof for electrons being magnetic monopoles.

This post is another advertisement for the magnetic page on the other website with the funny name:

A primer on the electrons that are the long sought magnetic monopoles. Author: Reinko Venema.
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/monopole_magnetic_stuff.htm

Ok, in the previous post I said the next one would be on the modified Dirichlet kernels but I did not update the magnetic page for over one month so I had to rearrange priorities.

When riding my noble iron horse through the local landscape I was thinking about how professional physics professors would waive away my insights with just a little hand waive while mumbling ‘Lorentz force’.
Just like they do when explaining the electron spin, they say stuff like: It is spinning and when an electrical charge is spinning it creates a magnetic dipole moment (in the meantime they also shrug their shoulders a little bit and move on with the lesson).

Now while riding my noble iron horse (a 269 € bicycle) I suddenly thought:
What would happen if I cut my stack of strong neodymium magnets into two pieces and use that???

And hurray: It was a big success; there was some strong asymmetry observed and I think this might be a manifestation of the Lorentz force. This is not rock solid proof because I do not know how strong the magnets are and as such I have no clue about the radius induced by the Lorentz force.
But this looks very promising.

Here is the first photo, on the black spot no electrons slam into the television screen:

0025_12June2016_new_photos01

Under the assumption electrons are magnetic monopoles and as such carry a magnetic charge just like they carry an electric charge, the next is observed/happening:

  1. The color television has three electron cannons, each electron is attracted or repelled by the strong neodymium magnets.
  2. As such the electrons slamming into the screen in between the two stacks of strong magnets are the attracted ones while those that are repelled are found on the outside of the black region.
  3. In the dark region no electrons land on the screen, a feature that cannot be explained by any of the Maxwell equations or the Lorentz force.

In the next photo you see that I am trying to make the region of attraction horizontal, but for that to happen I have to place the magnet stacks more or less diagonal:

0025_12June2016_new_photos02The costs of this experiment are below 50 €, the television was only 6 € and the magnets about 40 € included shipping and handling. This is a very important detail because over at CERN they always burn an extreme amount of money before they get any kind of result.

It is also important because high schools in my country often have lousy budget for physics experiments so for 50 € you have a perfect thing to show to the pupils/students…

All in all this is reason number 30 as why electrons carry magnetic charge (aka they are the long sought magnetic monopoles):

12 June 2016: Reason 30: New photo’s from a television experiment
http://kinkytshirts.nl/rootdirectory/just_some_math/monopole_magnetic_stuff.htm#12June2016

Ok, thanks for your attention and till updates!