In this post I want to look at three experiments from physics that all use a vertical magnetic field that is applied to unpaired electrons. The three experiments are:
1) The famous Stern-Gerlach experiment from 1922.
2) The Einstein-de Haas effect.
3) The muon g-2 experiment from Fermilab.

And the two criteria I use is also simple to understand:
1) Are there weird energy problems?
2) Is the electron spin alignment probabilistic yes or no?

You might think “Why should that have any importance at all?” Well the importance lies in the fact that all official explanations for the outcomes of the 3 above mentioned experiments, if you think about it, they all exclude each other.

For example the Stern-Gerlach experiment is often used to point at the probabilistic nature of measuring the direction of electron spin. And it is the 50/50 split in the beam of silver atoms that is the actual evidence of the fundamental probabilistic nature of measuring electron spin with a vertical magnetic field.
But in that Einstein-de Haas effect experiment, the results are always explained by all electrons doing the same and it is impossible to find the word “probabilistic” in such explanations. To focus the mind a little bit: If you would have a 50/50 probability in spin alignment with the applied vertical magnetic field, in that case there would be no Einstein-de Haas effect at all.
Now what is a weird energy problem? For me it is as simple as the so called anti-alignment of electron spins. It is kinda weird that half of the electrons would align their spins and as such lower their potential energy and the other half weirdly raises their potential energy?
Please remark this simplest form of a weird energy problem is a direct consequence of viewing electrons as bipolar magnets, if you skip that assumption and view electrons as magnetic monopoles you do not have this simplest of energy problems.
The post is four pictures long and I hope I won’t forget to place a few links to the three experiments although it is very simple to do that yourself.
So lets go.

Ok, that was it more or less. So the 3 experiments might be about electrons in some vertical magnetic field, the explanations vary widely. Let me close with a few links to the 3 experiments.

Link 1: A wiki about the Stern-Gerlach experiment:
Stern–Gerlach experiment. Link used: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern%E2%80%93Gerlach_experiment

Halfway in the wiki they show the so called repeated SG experiments, the problem is that for 10 years now I can’t find anyone who did a successful repeated SG according to the stadard theory. But in the wiki the authors seem to think, just like a lot of physics professors, that such repeated experiments have been done. But if it had been done, that would validate the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics when it comes to electron spin and as such the person(s) who did that experiment would have gotten a Nobel prize for that. As far as I know, there is no Nobel prize handed out for such a thing, anyway I never heard of it. So the next picture is total scientific crap as far as I know:

Link 2: The Einstein-de Haas effect. Again a standard wiki:

Einstein–de Haas effect Link used: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93de_Haas_effect

In order to show the source of the quote in picture 03 of the main text above, here is the quote once more:
Therefore, in pure iron 96% of the magnetization is provided by the polarization of the electrons’ spins, while the remaining 4% is provided by the polarization of their orbital angular momenta.

That abundantly shows they think all electrons do the same.

Link 3: I did some arbitrary choice on the preprint archive about the last results of Fermilab with their g-2 experiment. My main problem with their explanation is of course that while using a vertical magnetic field, they claim the muon spin stays horizontal. So what happens to the good old torque that this vertical magnetic field does remains a mystery. And the pdf from the preprint archive is not that important but I want to show it to you so you can read it yourself and conclude that this all is left out and you get a bunch of hard to understand gibberish.

New results from the Muon g−2 Experiment
Link used: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.08282

And now you are at the end of this post about electron spin.

This post is basically a video about the so called Einstein de Haas effect from the Action Lab (a video channel). This experiment is often mentioned as experimental validation that electrons have so called “Intrinsic angular momentum”. The experimental setup is very easy to explain, look in the next picture:

A metal cylinder is hanging from a wire (the guy in the video uses tooth floss because that has no winding twist in it so the cylinder will not rotate). If placed in a vertical magnetic field or such a vertical magnetic field is flipped on, the cylinder rotates a little bit.
Often in the experimental setup a coil magnet is used, but it can be any more or less perfect vertical magnetic field. The effect of the rotation is rather small so in video’s like this you often see some shiny or reflecting metal glued to the cylinder and with a light the rotation is amplified for us to see.

The explanation you always see is that the unpaired electrons in the metal cylinder align themselves with the applied magnetic field. So that’s the logic for the explanation of this experiment.

How different is it for the Stern Gerlach experiment that is very similar because it is about the behavior of unpaired electrons in a vertical applied magnetic field. In the SG experiment the beam of silver atoms is split in two and now the logic is as next, quote:

This means that when you take a beam of electrons whose angular momenta are all randomly oriented, if you measure the z component of angular momentum you get one of only two different values.

But if your explanation in the Einstein de Haas effect would be this 50/50 percent probability in spin up or spin down, that would imply zero rotation and therefore once more day the physics professors will talk out of their necks and now it must be logical that all electrons align.
Source of my above quote:
Measuring Electron Spin- the Stern-Gerlach Experiment

Furthermore it is a fundamental basis of quantum computing that it must be possible to have superpositions of quantum states. So if the explanation of the Einstein de Haas effect would be correct, there is no randomness in electron spin measurements via application of external magnetic fields. You just can’t eat it from both sides: either all electrons will do the same or the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics is true. Anyway here is the video with the title: Do Electrons Really Have “Intrinsic” Angular Momentum?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQ5w4_0S2l4

That was it for this post on magnetism in particular the very different explanations you hear when we are talking about the same thing: The reaction of an electron on a vertical magnetic field.

I didn’t plan on another ‘just a video post’ but I am still working on a new math post on the seven properties of the number alpha. All in all that is going to be one of the longest posts written, that why it takes a relatively long time. So that’s my excuse for another ‘just a video post’.

This is another video from Dr. Jorge S. Diaz and again the video is very good made with lots of interesting historical details. In it he shows what Gerlach thought before the experiment was done, that is in the first picture below. In case you did not know it: all that stuff with a varying magnetic field from strong to weak was thought out beforehand. Only the Stern Gerlach guys thought that the silver atoms themselves would act as tiny magnets. That’s why also in the simple math below you see the emphasis on the gradient of the magnetic field.
And that brings me once more to an important critisism, not on the video but on the lack of experimental proof that electrons are not accelerated in a constant magnetic field. Ok ok there is still the Lorentz force so that’s easier said then done but it is just missing. Just like there is no experimental proof or evidence that electrons are dipole magnets.

As all video’s on the Stern-Gerlach experiment this one too fails to explain as why tiny magnets would anti-align themselves with the applied magnetic field. After all this raises their potential energy and as such I consider this an important energy problem that you only have if you view electrons as tiny magnets.
I remember that back in 2015 when I myself did see this experiment for the first time, it was the fact that the silver atoms would more towards the weaker part of the magnetic field that I just could not understand. But in one or two days I had figured out that if you view electrons as magnetic monopoles, you don’t have weird problems. But back in the time I knew just nothing about electron spin so I had some learning to do.

In the video but also other sources say that it were Einstein himself and Heisenberg who pushed heave for a so called repeated or sequential SG experiment. On may occasions I have argued that such a repeated experiment has never been done in one century of time. And that is strange because if you were successful in this, you would almost one 100% sure have won a Noble prize. And that’s what all the physics people want; a Nobel prize… A repeated experiment would validate the probabilistic nature of electron spin, but it’s just not there and nobody in the physics community gives a shit about that. That’s why so often I say these people are talking out of their neck.

At about 19 minutes into the video Dr. Jorge S. Diaz claims that a repeated SG experiment has been done by Frisch and Segré but that is just plain wrong. In the Frisch-Segré experiment they tried to rotate the spin of an electron. But it failed so to bring this up as an example of a repeated SG experiment is not allowed.

Before I show you the video I want to make a quote from the pdf on the Frisch Segré experiment. The Frish and Segre guys claimed in an article to have observed nondiabetic spin flip. I doubt if that is true but at present day in a lot of physics labs they too think the can flip electron spin in say a diamond nitrogen vacency. But I think that when this happens, they have just another electron with the opposite magnetic charge.
This is a WordPress website and I believe they have a ‘quote environment’ hanging around somewhere. So lets try:

Immediately, Heisenberg and Einstein proposed multi-stage Stern–Gerlach experiments to explore deeper mysteries of directional quantization [2]. Ten years later, Phipps and Stern reported the first effort [8], which was unfortunately discontinued owing to Phipps’ involuntary return to the US [2]. A year later, Frisch and Segrè modified the same apparatus by adopting Einstein’s suggestion on the use of a single wire instead of three electromagnets to rotate spin; they also improved magnetic shielding, slit filtering, and signal detection [2]. Despite the use of three layers of magnetic shielding for the middle stage (i.e., the inner rotation chamber), the remnant or residual fringe magnetic field was still 0.42 × 10−4 T (or 0.42 G). Rather than fight the fringe magnetic field further, they took advantage of it. The magnetic field from the wire in the middle stage cancels the remnant field to produce a magnetic null point, around which the field is approximated as a magnetic quadrupole; consequently, they successfully observed nonadiabatic spin flip [9].

Well it is now high time for the video:

In my mind or in my memory the Frisch Segré experiment failed so it is good to be corrected. But all in all you really can’t say that this was a repeated Stern Gerlach experiment. It was trying to flip the spin of an electron. And that while I think the magnetic properties of electrons are just like their electric properties: permanent and monopole.
Ok that was it for this ‘just a video post’. Thanks for your attention.

One or two days back this video from Dr. Jorge S. Diaz came out and all in all in it’s kind it is very good. Even for me there is a lot of new stuff in although nothing of the real important things like why an inhomogeneous magnetic field was used: Otto Stern thought that the silver atoms themselves would act like tiny magnets because of the electrons going round the nucleus. I want to remark that using an inhomogeneous magnetic field when it comes to atom sized magnets makes sense, where I draw the line is the blind application to a point like particle like the electron.
So all the big hammers were already known to me yet there is a lot of cute stuff in it I had never seen. Things like the first introduction of those quantum numbers from the principle n to the magnetic number m.
In the video Jorge Diaz shows once more what the physics people use as the potential energy when a dipole magnet is placed in a magnetic field, you can see that in the picture below.

It is well known that nature loves to minimize the potential energy and here this is the case if both vectors mu and B point in the same direction. In that case the inproduct is a positive number and the minus sign guarantees the minimum of potential energy.
Last year I made a picture for repeated use during this year 2024 and in it you see the official version of an electron pair. The Pauli exclusion principle says that the magnetic numbers must differ and as such they must have opposite or anti-parallel spins. The whole problem is of course that if you calculate the potential energy where you view one spin in the magnetic field of the other and use the above expression, you get a positive potential energy. That’s weird since in the science of chemistry it is well known that the electron pair plays an important role in forming atomic and molecular bonds. Here is the sketch of the electron pair once more:

I made a similar picture for a lone electron that anti-aligns itself with an applied magnetic field:

As you can see for yourself in the video below, people like Jorge Diaz never even mention that there are severe energy problems. I name that avoiding Crazyland, they only explain the things that sound logical and as soon as it becomes absurd like here with the electron pair, they just don’t talk about that.
The weird potential energy problems arise only if you think the electron is a tiny magnet. Since the year 2015 every year I became a bit more convinced that electrons are magnetic monopoles just like they are electric monopoles. All energy problems fade away fast if you do that but hey try to explain that to people like Jorge Diaz! Or for that matter all those other professional physics people out there, those weirdo’s also think that magnetic monopoles do not exist so the taks of explaining things to those people is an almost impossible task.
I also combined a few screen shots from the video with people that played some role or contributed to the Stern-Gerlach experiment. For myself I more or less like it that even a guy like Albert Einstein never realized the monopole nature of electron magnetism. But I am also well aware that this can work against me; the physics professionals will likely think that if Albert didn’t see it, it can’t be true and as such for themselves they have once more confirmed that magnetic monopoles don’t exist…

And finally the video, again in it’s kind it is a very good video:

A lot more could be said or written but lets not do that and may I thank you for your attention.